Japan’s antitrust regulator, the Japan Fair Trade Commission (JFTC), launched a surprise on-site inspection at Microsoft Japan’s headquarters on February 25.
According to sources familiar with the matter, the inspection primarily focuses on investigating whether Microsoft has been improperly promoting its Azure cloud platform by leveraging its dominant position in the operating system and office software markets. The JFTC suspects that Microsoft has set unfair licensing terms, making it more costly or technically challenging for customers to run Windows Server or Microsoft 365 software on third-party platforms like Amazon Web Services (AWS) or Google Cloud, compared to using Azure.

A spokesperson for the JFTC declined to comment. A representative from Microsoft Japan issued a statement confirming that the company is fully cooperating with the JFTC’s investigation.
This intervention by Japan’s antitrust regulator is no accident, as it reflects the growing global trend of scrutinizing anti-competitive practices by major tech giants. Microsoft is currently in a fierce global competition with Amazon (NASDAQ:AMZN) and Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL) in the cloud services and AI sectors, all three of which view Japan as a key market. Japan, home to many large corporate groups and banks, has been a major target for these companies, which have invested significant resources to ensure leadership in the region.
Regulators are concerned that if Microsoft uses its software licensing advantages to effectively force users to commit to Azure services, it could seriously harm competition in the cloud market and increase the long-term costs of digital transformation for businesses. As a result, Japan’s antitrust regulators are taking increasingly tough measures to curb what they perceive as the monopolistic expansion of major American tech companies, aligning with positions taken by regulators in other countries.
Japan’s move follows similar scrutiny by the European Union and the United States on bundling practices, and signals a growing consensus among major global economies to ensure fair access to cloud infrastructure. Notably, last year, the JFTC issued a cease-and-desist order against Google, accusing the Android software provider of requiring business partners to prioritize its smartphone apps, which was deemed to abuse its market dominance.
With the rapid growth of generative AI, the cloud services market is expected to expand significantly, as this technology heavily depends on high-performance server clusters. While Japan has local data center operators (with the government supporting these companies to strengthen national cybersecurity), much like other countries worldwide, its domestic cloud market remains dominated by American providers.
Research firm IDC forecasts that Japan’s cloud computing market will reach ¥19 trillion (approximately $121 billion) by 2029, nearly double its size in 2024. Meanwhile, the JFTC has made it clear that it aims to ensure a fair and orderly competitive environment during this crucial window period, when market demand is set to surge.